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Acharei Mot

Aliya 4

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃

The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:

דַּבֵּ֨ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְאֶל־בָּנָ֗יו וְאֶל֙ כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃

Speak to Aaron, to his sons, and to all the children of Israel, as the upcoming passage is somewhat related to the Tabernacle but most of it applies to the entire nation, and say to them: This is the matter that the Lord has commanded, saying:

אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ֙ מִבֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁחַ֜ט שׁ֥וֹר אוֹ־כֶ֛שֶׂב אוֹ־עֵ֖ז בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה א֚וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִשְׁחַ֔ט מִח֖וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃

Any man from the house of Israel who shall slaughter a bull or a sheep or a goat in the camp, as the Israelite camp in the wilderness was large and it is reasonable to assume that those who lived in the inner part of the camp did not wish to trouble themselves with leaving the camp to slaughter animals, or who slaughters it, such an animal, outside the camp, e.g., in a field used as pasture for the flock,

RASHI

אשר ישחט שור או כשב.בַּמֻּקְדָּשִׁין הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "לְהַקְרִיב קָרְבָּן" (זבחים ק"ז):

במחנה.חוּץ לָעֲזָרָה:

וְאֶל־פֶּ֜תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵד֮ לֹ֣א הֱבִיאוֹ֒ לְהַקְרִ֤יב קָרְבָּן֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י מִשְׁכַּ֣ן יְהוָ֑ה דָּ֣ם יֵחָשֵׁ֞ב לָאִ֤ישׁ הַהוּא֙ דָּ֣ם שָׁפָ֔ךְ וְנִכְרַ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַה֖וּא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמּֽוֹ׃

and to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting he did not bring it, to present an offering to the Lord before the Tabernacle of the Lord, it will be accounted as blood for that man; he has shed blood, and that man shall be excised from among his people. All animals must be slaughtered in the Tabernacle courtyard as offerings. One who slaughters an animal in the wilderness, outside the Tabernacle area, is punished with excision. Excision is a punishment that is administered by God rather than an earthly court. There are various opinions regarding the precise meaning of the word “excision,” including untimely death or the cutting off of the soul in the World to Come.

RASHI

דם יחשב.כְּשׁוֹפֵךְ דַּם הָאָדָם שֶׁמִּתְחַיֵּב בְּנַפְשׁוֹ:

דם שפך.לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הַזּוֹרֵק דָּמִים בַּחוּץ (שם):

לְמַעַן֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָבִ֜יאוּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶֽת־זִבְחֵיהֶם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֵ֣ם זֹבְחִים֮ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶה֒ וֶֽהֱבִיאֻ֣ם לַֽיהוָ֗ה אֶל־פֶּ֛תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד אֶל־הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וְזָ֨בְח֜וּ זִבְחֵ֧י שְׁלָמִ֛ים לַֽיהוָ֖ה אוֹתָֽם׃

So that the children of Israel shall bring their slaughtered animals that they currently slaughter in the open field, and they shall bring them to the Lord, to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, to the priest, and they shall slaughter peace offerings to the Lord. They may no longer slaughter animals wherever they wish.

RASHI

אשר הם זבחים.אֲשֶׁר הֵם רְגִילִים לִזְבֹּחַ:

וְזָרַ֨ק הַכֹּהֵ֤ן אֶת־הַדָּם֙ עַל־מִזְבַּ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְהִקְטִ֣יר הַחֵ֔לֶב לְרֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה׃

The priest shall cast the blood on the altar of the Lord that is at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting and burn the fat for a pleasing aroma to the Lord. During their time in the wilderness, the children of Israel were not permitted to slaughter unconsecrated animals for their meat, as explained above. Instead, they were required to consecrate the animals whose meat they wanted to consume as a peace offering. The blood and fats of a peace offering, which may not be eaten even in the case of a non-sacred animal, are burned on the altar. The breast and thigh are given to the priest, and the rest of the animal is eaten by the individual who has brought the offering (see 7:28–36).

וְלֹא־יִזְבְּח֥וּ עוֹד֙ אֶת־זִבְחֵיהֶ֔ם לַשְּׂעִירִ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥ם זֹנִ֖ים אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֛ם תִּֽהְיֶה־זֹּ֥את לָהֶ֖ם לְדֹרֹתָֽם׃

That they shall no longer slaughter their offerings to the satyrs, after whom they go astray. This phrase constitutes an independent commandment and provides the reason for the prohibition against slaughtering animals outside the Tabernacle. This prohibition against bringing offerings to satyrs shall be an eternal statute for them, for their generations.

RASHI

לשעירם.לַשֵּׁדִים, כְּמוֹ וּשְֹעִירִים יְרַקְּדוּ שָׁם (ישעיהו י"ג):