וְאֵ֛לֶּה תּוֹלְדֹ֥ת אַהֲרֹ֖ן וּמֹשֶׁ֑ה בְּי֗וֹם דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּהַ֥ר סִינָֽי׃

These are the descendants of Aaron and Moses on the day that the Lord spoke with Moses on Mount Sinai. Despite the mention of the descendants of Moses, only the descendants of Aaron are listed in the next verse. Moses’ descendants are only indirectly mentioned in verse 27, via the wording “the family of the Amramites,” as Amram had no sons other than Moses and Aaron, and this cannot be referring to Aaron’s descendants, who are listed before that verse. Nevertheless, their names are not specified. The reason for this is that the descendants of Aaron alone were granted a special role. Although Aaron himself was secondary to his younger brother Moses, his sons served as priests. In contrast, Moses’ descendants were ordinary Levites like the rest of their tribe.

וְאֵ֛לֶּה שְׁמ֥וֹת בְּֽנֵי־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַבְּכ֣וֹר ׀ נָדָ֑ב וַאֲבִיה֕וּא אֶלְעָזָ֖ר וְאִיתָמָֽר׃

These are the names of the sons of Aaron: the firstborn, Nadav, and Avihu, Elazar, and Itamar.

אֵ֗לֶּה שְׁמוֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים הַמְּשֻׁחִ֑ים אֲשֶׁר־מִלֵּ֥א יָדָ֖ם לְכַהֵֽן׃

These are the names of the sons of Aaron, the anointed priests, whom he invested to serve as priests, at the time of the inauguration of the Tabernacle.

וַיָּ֣מָת נָדָ֣ב וַאֲבִיה֣וּא לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֡ה בְּֽהַקְרִבָם֩ אֵ֨שׁ זָרָ֜ה לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ בְּמִדְבַּ֣ר סִינַ֔י וּבָנִ֖ים לֹא־הָי֣וּ לָהֶ֑ם וַיְכַהֵ֤ן אֶלְעָזָר֙ וְאִ֣יתָמָ֔ר עַל־פְּנֵ֖י אַהֲרֹ֥ן אֲבִיהֶֽם׃ (פ)

However, soon after they were anointed, Nadav and Avihu died before the Lord, when they presented strange fire before the Lord, as a result of which they were burned and died in the wilderness of Sinai, and they had no children; and Elazar and Itamar served as priests in the presence of Aaron, their father. In addition to Elazar and Itamar’s role as Levites, they were also appointed to serve as priests.

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃

The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:

הַקְרֵב֙ אֶת־מַטֵּ֣ה לֵוִ֔י וְֽהַעֲמַדְתָּ֣ אֹת֔וֹ לִפְנֵ֖י אַהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וְשֵׁרְת֖וּ אֹתֽוֹ׃

Bring the tribe of Levi near, and stand it before Aaron the priest, and they shall serve him. From this point onward, the Levites shall serve the priests and the Tabernacle.

וְשָׁמְר֣וּ אֶת־מִשְׁמַרְתּ֗וֹ וְאֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֙רֶת֙ כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד לַעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־עֲבֹדַ֥ת הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃

They shall keep his, Aaron’s, commission, and the commission of the entire congregation before the Tent of Meeting, to perform the service of the Tabernacle. The Levites will become the guard of the Tabernacle and will encamp around it in close proximity. This is not a military guard; rather, they are responsible to tend to the needs of the priests and the Tabernacle.

וְשָׁמְר֗וּ אֶֽת־כָּל־כְּלֵי֙ אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וְאֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לַעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־עֲבֹדַ֥ת הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃

They shall safeguard all the vessels of the Tent of Meeting, and the commission of the children of Israel, to perform the service of the Tabernacle.

וְנָתַתָּה֙ אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם לְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וּלְבָנָ֑יו נְתוּנִ֨ם נְתוּנִ֥ם הֵ֙מָּה֙ ל֔וֹ מֵאֵ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

You shall give the Levites to Aaron and to his sons as appointed assistants to the priests. They are entirely given to him from the children of Israel. The Levites, a relatively small tribe, are considered here as a gift from the Israelites to the priests to aid in the Tabernacle service. As stated elsewhere, the Israelites must also designate cities for the Levites and give them a tithe from their produce.

וְאֶת־אַהֲרֹ֤ן וְאֶת־בָּנָיו֙ תִּפְקֹ֔ד וְשָׁמְר֖וּ אֶת־כְּהֻנָּתָ֑ם וְהַזָּ֥ר הַקָּרֵ֖ב יוּמָֽת׃ (פ)

You shall count Aaron and his sons, and they shall observe their priesthood, to the exclusion of all others, who may not serve in their capacity; and the stranger who approaches shall be put to death.

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃

The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:

וַאֲנִ֞י הִנֵּ֧ה לָקַ֣חְתִּי אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֗ם מִתּוֹךְ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל תַּ֧חַת כָּל־בְּכ֛וֹר פֶּ֥טֶר רֶ֖חֶם מִבְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהָ֥יוּ לִ֖י הַלְוִיִּֽם׃

I have hereby taken the Levites from among the children of Israel in place of every firstborn, first issue of the womb from the children of Israel, who previously performed the sacred service. The priests mentioned at Mount Sinai are in fact identified as the firstborns. And the Levites shall be Mine.

כִּ֣י לִי֮ כָּל־בְּכוֹר֒ בְּיוֹם֩ הַכֹּתִ֨י כָל־בְּכ֜וֹר בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם הִקְדַּ֨שְׁתִּי לִ֤י כָל־בְּכוֹר֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מֵאָדָ֖ם עַד־בְּהֵמָ֑ה לִ֥י יִהְי֖וּ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ (ס)

For every firstborn is Mine; on the day that I smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt I sanctified to Me every firstborn in Israel, from man to animal; they shall be Mine; I am the Lord. Upon the striking of all firstborns in Egypt, including both man and beast, both the firstborn Israelites and their animals became consecrated to God. Now the unique status of Jewish male firstborns, and their function and rights, passes to the Levites.