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א הִנָּךְ יָפָה רַעְיָתִי הִנָּךְ יָפָה עֵינַיִךְ יוֹנִים מִבַּעַד לְצַמָּתֵךְ שַׂעְרֵךְ כְּעֵדֶר הָעִזִּים שֶׁגָּלְשׁוּ מֵהַר גִּלְעָד

Behold, you are fair, my love; behold, you are fair; your eyes are graceful and calming as a pair of doves; they peer out from behind your braid, which rests partly on your face. In the context of God’s song to Israel, these dovelike eyes have been interpreted as an allusion to the willingness to accept a burden without complaint, and to go wherever one is sent. Your hair is like a flock of goats that stream down from the highlands of Gilad, an area of pasture. The goats in this imagery are black, and more active than sheep, evoking the way a young woman’s curly black locks flow down her head.

BACKGROUND

Your eyes are doves

The rock dove, Columba livia, which is common in Israel, nests in terraced fields, near human residences, or in rocky areas in the hills. Doves are monogamous birds; they change mates only after the death of their partner. The male and female are practically identical in appearance, predominantly gray with black stripes. The verse may be alluding to the color of the girl’s eyes. The domestic pigeon is a domesticated subspecies of the rock dove, and it resembles the latter in both behavior and appearance. Domestic pigeons are also monogamous.

ב שִׁנַּיִךְ כְּעֵדֶר הַקְּצוּבוֹת שֶׁעָלוּ מִן־הָרַחְצָה שֶׁכֻּלָּם מַתְאִימוֹת וְשַׁכֻּלָה אֵין בָּהֶם

Your teeth are like a flock of ordered ewes that have come up from being washed, when they are extremely white and clean. As the ewes emerge simultaneously from the water, the entire herd is lined up like white teeth, that are all paired, and there is none missing among them.

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