menu
small logo

Back

undefined

א רְדִי וּשְׁבִי עַל עָפָר בְּתוּלַת בַּת בָּבֶל שְׁבִי לָאָרֶץ אֵין כִּסֵּא בַּת כַּשְׂדִּים כִּי לֹא תוֹסִיפִי יִקְרְאוּ לָךְ רַכָּה וַעֲנֻגָּה

God addresses Babylon, which will suffer comprehensive destruction: Go down and sit on the dust, virgin daughter, nation, of Babylon; sit on the ground like a maidservant or a mourner, as you are without a chair, a monarchy, daughter of Chaldeans, the Babylonians; for you will no longer be called tender and delicate.

DISCUSSION

Virgin daughter of Babylon

The symbol of a woman representing a city or nation appears in the Bible with regard to Zion and other kingdoms as well. For example, one finds the expressions “virgin daughter of Zion” (37:22; Micah 4:8; Lamentations 4:22), “virgin daughter of Sidon” (23:12), and “daughter of Egypt” (Jeremiah 46:24). This symbolism is also common in art and sculpture.

ב קְחִי רֵחַיִם וְטַחֲנִי קָמַח גַּלִּי צַמָּתֵךְ חֶשְׂפִּי שֹׁבֶל גַּלִּי שׁוֹק עִבְרִי נְהָרוֹת

Take a millstone and grind flour. Engage in the degrading, difficult duties of a maidservant. Reveal your braid, or your strand of hair that falls on your forehead or temples. Since this hair is generally kept covered, its exposure causes you public shame. Expose a hem of your garment, reveal a thigh, like one who wishes to walk through water, and cross rivers. Babylon is here depicted as a woman so poor that she cannot even dress appropriately, and accordingly her appearance is disgraceful.

Upgrade to Premium Account to access the full Steinsaltz library & more