וְאֵלֶּה מַלְכֵי הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר הִכּוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּרְשׁוּ אֶת אַרְצָם בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן מִזְרְחָה הַשָּׁמֶשׁ מִנַּחַל אַרְנוֹן עַד הַר חֶרְמוֹן וְכָל הָעֲרָבָה מִזְרָחָה

These are the kings of the land whom the children of Israel smote; they took possession of their land beyond the Jordan toward the rising sun, on the eastern side of the Jordan, from the Arnon Stream to Mount Hermon, and the entire Arava to the east:

סִיחוֹן מֶלֶךְ הָאֱמֹרִי הַיּוֹשֵׁב בְּחֶשְׁבּוֹן מֹשֵׁל מֵעֲרוֹעֵר אֲשֶׁר עַל שְׂפַת נַחַל אַרְנוֹן ותוֹךְ הַנַּחַל וַחֲצִי הַגִּלְעָד וְעַד יַבֹּק הַנַּחַל גְּבוּל בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן

Sihon king of the Emorites, who lived in Heshbon, was the ruler from Aroer, which is on the edge of the Arnon Stream, and he also ruled over the territory located within the stream that was fit for human habitation, and half the Gilad, to the Yabok Stream, which is the border of the children of Amon,

וְהָעֲרָבָה עַד יָם כִּנְרוֹת מִזְרָחָה וְעַד יָם הָעֲרָבָה יָם הַמֶּלַח מִזְרָחָה דֶּרֶךְ בֵּית הַיְשִׁמוֹת וּמִתֵּימָן תַּחַת אַשְׁדּוֹת הַפִּסְגָּה

and the Arava to the east of the sea of Kinerot, the southeastern shore of the Sea of Galilee, which includes the Jordan Valley, and to the east of the sea of the plain, the Dead Sea, the northeastern edge of the Dead Sea, via Beit HaYeshimot, and from the south of the Dead Sea, under the slopes of the Peak, which is mentioned in the Torah as well;

וּגְבוּל עוֹג מֶלֶךְ הַבָּשָׁן מִיֶּתֶר הָרְפָאִים הַיּוֹשֵׁב בְּעַשְׁתָּרוֹת וּבְאֶדְרֶעִי

and the border, the territory that was under the rule of Og king of the Bashan, who was from the remnant of the Refaim, who live at Ashtarot and at Edre’i,

ומֹשֵׁל בְּהַר חֶרְמוֹן וּבְסַלְכָה וּבְכָל הַבָּשָׁן עַד גְּבוּל הַגְּשׁוּרִי וְהַמַּעֲכָתִי וַחֲצִי הַגִּלְעָד גְּבוּל סִיחוֹן מֶלֶךְ חֶשְׁבּוֹן

who was formerly the ruler of Mount Hermon, and of Salkha, and of all the Bashan, the northern section of the region on the eastern side of the Jordan, to the border of the Geshurites and the Maakhatites (see 13:13), small states located northeast of the land of Canaan, and half the Gilad, which reached the border of Sihon king of Heshbon, as stated above.

מֹשֶׁה עֶבֶד ה' וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הִכּוּם וַיִּתְּנָהּ מֹשֶׁה עֶבֶד ה'יְרֻשָּׁה לָראוּבֵנִי וְלַגָּדִי וְלַחֲצִי שֵׁבֶט הַמְנַשֶּׁה

Moses servant of the Lord and the children of Israel smote them, all the nations of this region, and Moses servant of the Lord gave it, their land, as a possession to the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and half the tribe of Manasseh. This concludes the summary of the conquests on the eastern side of the Jordan, the kings that were defeated there and the tribes that settled there in their place.

וְאֵלֶּה מַלְכֵי הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר הִכָּה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן יָמָּה מִבַּעַל גָּד בְּבִקְעַת הַלְּבָנוֹן וְעַד הָהָר הֶחָלָק הָעֹלֶה שֵׂעִירָה וַיִּתְּנָהּ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לְשִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יְרֻשָּׁה כְּמַחְלְקֹתָם

These are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the children of Israel smote beyond the Jordan westward, from Baal Gad, in the Valley of the Lebanon, to the bare mountain that goes up to Se’ir; Joshua gave it to the tribes of Israel as a possession in accordance with their later divisions of the land,

בָּהָר וּבַשְּׁפֵלָה וּבָעֲרָבָה וּבָאֲשֵׁדוֹת וּבַמִּדְבָּר וּבַנֶּגֶב הַחִתִּי הָאֱמֹרִי וְהַכְּנַעֲנִי הַפְּרִזִּי הַחִוִּי וְהַיְבוּסִי

in the highlands, in the lowlands, in the Arava, on the slopes, in the wilderness, and in the south, the areas formerly inhabited by the Hitites, the Emorites, the Canaanites, the Perizites, the Hivites, and the Yevusites:

מֶלֶךְ יְרִיחוֹ אֶחָד מֶלֶךְ הָעַי אֲשֶׁר מִצַּד בֵּית אֵל אֶחָד

Here the chapter provides a list of the defeated kings, some of whom were important rulers while others were minor leaders. Most of them ruled over a single city and the surrounding area. They are listed individually as a tribute to Joshua, generally in accordance with the chronological order of the conquest. The verse here notes the location of the Ai either because it was a small town, or in order to distinguish it from a different Ai, as the list of the inheritance of Judah below includes a city, or perhaps a group of towns, called Iyim (15:29): The king of Jericho, one; the king of the Ai, which is beside Beit El, one;

מֶלֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַם אֶחָד מֶלֶךְ חֶבְרוֹן אֶחָד

the king of Jerusalem, one; the king of Hebron, one;

מֶלֶךְ יַרְמוּת אֶחָד מֶלֶךְ לָכִישׁ אֶחָד

the king of Yarmut, one; the king of Lakhish, one;

מֶלֶךְ עֶגְלוֹן אֶחָד מֶלֶךְ גֶּזֶר אֶחָד

the king of Eglon, one; the king of Gezer, one;

מֶלֶךְ דְּבִר אֶחָד מֶלֶךְ גֶּדֶר אֶחָד

the king of Devir, one; the king of Geder, one;

מֶלֶךְ חָרְמָה אֶחָד מֶלֶךְ עֲרָד אֶחָד

the king of Horma, one; the king of Arad, one;

מֶלֶךְ לִבְנָה אֶחָד מֶלֶךְ עֲדֻלָּם אֶחָד

the king of Livna, one; the king of Adulam, one;

מֶלֶךְ מַקֵּדָה אֶחָד מֶלֶךְ בֵּית אֵל אֶחָד

the king of Makeda, one; the king of Beit El, one;

מֶלֶךְ תַּפּוּחַ אֶחָד מֶלֶךְ חֵפֶר אֶחָד

the king of Tapuah, one; the king of Hefer, one;

מֶלֶךְ אֲפֵק אֶחָד מֶלֶךְ לַשָּׁרוֹן אֶחָד

the king of Afek, one; the king of the Sharon, which apparently refers to a particular location rather than the entire Sharon region, one;

מֶלֶךְ מָדוֹן אֶחָד מֶלֶךְ חָצוֹר אֶחָד

the king of Madon, one; the king of Hatzor, one;

מֶלֶךְ שִׁמְרוֹן מְרֹאון אֶחָד מֶלֶךְ אַכְשָׁף אֶחָד

the king of Shimron Meron, one. Meron is perhaps another name for Shimron, added in order to differentiate it from a different Shimron. Alternatively, it is a different city entirely, perhaps related to the waters of Merom (11:5), and the word “and” is omitted here, as sometimes occurs. In any case, the king of Shimron Meron was also one of the kings of the north. The king of Akhshaf, one;

מֶלֶךְ תַּעְנַךְ אֶחָד מֶלֶךְ מְגִדּוֹ אֶחָד

the king of Taanakh, one; the king of Megiddo, one;

מֶלֶךְ קֶדֶשׁ אֶחָד מֶלֶךְ יָקְנֳעָם לַכַּרְמֶל אֶחָד

the king of Kedesh, one; the king of Yokne’am in the region of the Carmel, one;

מֶלֶךְ דּוֹר לְנָפַת דּוֹר אֶחָד מֶלֶךְ גּוֹיִם לְגִלְגָּל אֶחָד

the king of Dor in the region of Dor, one; the king of Goyim in Gilgal, one. It is possible that this is referring to a nation or group of nations [goyim] that settled in Gilgal. There are various suggestions with regard to the identity of this particular Gilgal.

מֶלֶךְ תִּרְצָה אֶחָד כָּל מְלָכִים שְׁלֹשִׁים וְאֶחָד

The king of Tirtza, one. All the kings who reigned in the land of Canaan before Joshua smashed their alignment and conquered their cities, were a total of thirty-one.