תָּאנָא: וּמְיַישֵּׁן וְהוֹלֵךְ עַד הֶחָג.

It is taught in a baraita: And where he sold him aged wine, he is responsible to provide wine that will continue to age, i.e., maintain its quality, until the festival of Sukkot.

מתני׳ הַמּוֹכֵר מָקוֹם לַחֲבֵירוֹ, וְכֵן הַמְקַבֵּל מָקוֹם מֵחֲבֵירוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת לוֹ בֵּית חֲתָנוּת לִבְנוֹ וּבֵית אַלְמָנוּת לְבִתּוֹ – בּוֹנֶה אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת עַל שֵׁשׁ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא; רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר: רֶפֶת בָּקָר הִיא זוֹ.

With regard to one who sells a plot of land to another, with the buyer intending to build a bridal house for his son or a widowhood home for his daughter on that plot, and similarly, with regard to a contractor who receives a plot of land from another under a commission to build for the owner on that land a bridal house for his son, or a widowhood home for his daughter, the terms of the transaction are a matter of dispute. The mishna presents the dispute: In the latter case, the contractor must build a building that is at least four cubits by six cubits in size, and similarly, in the case of the sale, the seller must provide a plot of land that can accommodate a building of that size; this is the statement of Rabbi Akiva. Rabbi Yishmael says: A structure of this size is a cowshed, and a bridal house or a widowhood home is larger than that.

הָרוֹצֶה לַעֲשׂוֹת רֶפֶת בָּקָר – בּוֹנֶה אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת עַל שֵׁשׁ.

One who wants to construct a cowshed builds a structure at least four cubits by six cubits in size.

בַּיִת קָטָן – שֵׁשׁ עַל שְׁמוֹנֶה, גָּדוֹל – שְׁמוֹנֶה עַל עֶשֶׂר, טְרַקְלִין – עֶשֶׂר עַל עֶשֶׂר. רוּמוֹ כַּחֲצִי אָרְכּוֹ וְכַחֲצִי רָחְבּוֹ; רְאָיָה לַדָּבָר, רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: כְּבִנְיַן הַהֵיכָל.

The mishna delineates the standard dimensions for various other structures. A small house is six by eight cubits. A large house is eight by ten cubits. A banquet hall [teraklin] is ten by ten cubits. The standard height for each of these structures is equal to the sum of half its length and half its width. There is a proof of the matter; Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: The proportions are like the building of the Sanctuary; it was forty cubits wide and twenty cubits long and its height was thirty cubits, which is the sum of half the width and half the length.

גמ׳ לָמָּה לִי לְמִיתְנָא בֵּית חֲתָנוּת לִבְנוֹ וּבֵית אַלְמָנוּת לְבִתּוֹ? לִיתְנֵי: בֵּית חֲתָנוּת לִבְנוֹ וּלְבִתּוֹ, וּבֵית אַלְמָנוּת לִבְנוֹ וּלְבִתּוֹ! מִלְּתָא אַגַּב אוֹרְחֵיהּ קָא מַשְׁמַע לָן, דְּלָא דַּרְכָּא דַּחֲתָנָא לְמֵידַר בֵּי חֲמוּהּ;

Why do I need the mishna to teach specifically: A bridal house for his son, and: A widowhood home for his daughter? Instead, let it teach: A bridal house for his son or his daughter, and a widowhood home for his son or his daughter. The Gemara answers: It teaches us a matter in passing, that it is not the proper manner of conduct for a son-in-law to live in his father-in-law’s home. Therefore, it is the father of the groom who generally provides a bridal home for the couple and the bride will return to live near her parents’ house only if she is widowed or divorced.

כְּדִכְתִיב בְּסֵפֶר בֶּן סִירָא: הַכֹּל שָׁקַלְתִּי בְּכַף מֹאזְנַיִם, וְלֹא מָצָאתִי קַל מִסּוּבִּין, וְקַל מִסּוּבִּין – חָתָן הַדָּר בְּבֵית חָמִיו, וְקַל מֵחָתָן – אוֹרֵחַ מַכְנִיס אוֹרֵחַ, וְקַל מֵאוֹרֵחַ – מֵשִׁיב דָּבָר בְּטֶרֶם יִשְׁמַע, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״מֵשִׁיב דָּבָר בְּטֶרֶם יִשְׁמָע אִוֶּלֶת הִיא לוֹ וּכְלִמָּה״.

Support for this is as it is written in the book of ben Sira: I have weighed everything in the pan of a balance scale and I have not found anything inferior to bran; but inferior to bran is a son-in-law who lives in his father-in-law’s house; and inferior to a son-in-law is a guest who brings in a guest; and inferior to a guest is one who answers a matter before he listens. As it is stated: “He that gives an answer before he listens, it is folly for him and a disgrace” (Proverbs 18:13).

״רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר: רֶפֶת בָּקָר הִיא זוֹ. הָרוֹצֶה לַעֲשׂוֹת״ כו׳. רֶפֶת בָּקָר מַאן קָתָנֵי לָהּ? אִיכָּא דְּאָמַר: רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל קָתָנֵי לָהּ. וְאִיכָּא דְּאָמַר: רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא קָתָנֵי לָהּ.

§ The mishna teaches: Rabbi Yishmael says: A structure of this size is a cowshed. And then the mishna continues: One who wants to construct a cowshed builds a structure at least four cubits by six cubits in size. The Gemara asks: Who teaches this subsequent clause about a cowshed? There is a Sage who says that Rabbi Yishmael teaches it and it is an elaboration of his statement. And there is a Sage who says that Rabbi Akiva teaches it in response to Rabbi Yishmael’s statement.

אִיכָּא דְּאָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא קָתָנֵי לָהּ, וְהָכִי קָאָמַר: אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁרֶפֶת בָּקָר הִיא, פְּעָמִים שֶׁאָדָם עוֹשֶׂה דִּירָתוֹ כְּרֶפֶת בָּקָר. וְאִיכָּא דְּאָמַר רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל קָתָנֵי לָהּ, וְהָכִי קָאָמַר: שֶׁהָרוֹצֶה לַעֲשׂוֹת רֶפֶת בָּקָר, עוֹשֶׂה אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת עַל שֵׁשׁ.

The Gemara elaborates: There is a Sage who says that Rabbi Akiva teaches it, and this is what Rabbi Akiva is saying: Even though this structure is of the same dimensions as a cowshed, nevertheless, since there are times when a person constructs his home as small as a cowshed, a contractor has fulfilled his commission if he builds a house to such dimensions. And there is a Sage who says that Rabbi Yishmael teaches it, and this is what Rabbi Yishmael is saying to Rabbi Akiva: The dimensions that you stated are clearly not the correct dimensions for a bridal house or widowhood home, as one who wants to construct a cowshed constructs a structure of four cubits by six cubits. A house for human dwelling is certainly larger than that.

״טְרַקְלִין עֶשֶׂר עַל עֶשֶׂר״. מַאי טְרַקְלִין? קוּבְּתָא בֵּי וַורְדֵי.

§ The mishna teaches: A banquet hall is ten by ten cubits. The Gemara clarifies: What is a banquet hall? A pavilion of roses.

תָּאנֵי: וְקַנְתֵּיר – שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה עַל שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה. מַאי קַנְתֵּיר? תַּרְבַּץ אַפְּדָנֵי.

It is taught in a baraita: The standard size of a kanteir is twelve by twelve cubits. The Gemara clarifies: What is a kanteir? It is a decorative courtyard of a mansion.

״רוּמוֹ כַּחֲצִי אָרְכּוֹ וְכַחֲצִי רָחְבּוֹ; רְאָיָה לַדָּבָר, רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: כְּבִנְיַן הַהֵיכָל״. ״רְאָיָה לַדָּבָר״ מַאן קָתָנֵי לָהּ? אִיכָּא דְּאָמַר: רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל קָתָנֵי לָהּ, וְהָכִי קָאָמַר: רְאָיָה לַדָּבָר מִנַּיִן? אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל: הַכֹּל כְּבִנְיַן הֵיכָל.

The mishna teaches: The standard height for each of these structures is equal to the sum of half its length and half its width. There is a proof of the matter; Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: The proportions are like the building of the Sanctuary. The Gemara asks: Who teaches the phrase: Proof of the matter? There is a Sage who says that Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel teaches it, and this is what he is saying: From where can a proof of the matter be derived? The mishna then cites that Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said that everything is like the building of the Sanctuary.

וְאִיכָּא דְּאָמַר: תַּנָּא קַמָּא קָתָנֵי לָהּ, וְרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אִתַּמּוּהִי קָא מְתַמַּה, וְהָכִי קָאָמַר לֵיהּ [לְתַנָּא קַמָּא]: רְאָיָה מִנַּיִן – מִבִּנְיַן הֵיכָל, אַטּוּ כּוּלֵּי עָלְמָא כְּבִנְיַן הֵיכָל עָבְדִי?

And there is a Sage who says that the first tanna teaches it, and, understanding that the proof the tanna wished to cite was from the example of the Sanctuary, Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel interjected and expressed astonishment at the idea. And this is what Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel is saying to the first tanna: From where do you derive a proof? Do you derive it from the building of the Sanctuary? Is that to say that everyone constructs their buildings like the building of the Sanctuary? Why should they do so?

תַּנְיָא, אֲחֵרִים אוֹמְרִים: רוּמוֹ כְּקוֹרוֹתָיו. וְלֵימָא: רוּמוֹ כְּרָחְבּוֹ! אִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא: בֵּיתָא מֵעִילָּאֵי רַוְוחָא, וְאִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא: מִשּׁוּם דְּאִיכָּא בֵּי כַוֵּוי.

It is taught in a baraita: Aḥerim say: The standard height of each of these structures is equal to the length of its crossbeams. The Gemara suggests: And let us say more simply that its height is equal to its width. The Gemara answers: If you wish, say that formulating the ruling in this way is necessary, because the space inside a house widens at the top, as the walls get thinner toward the top and the crossbeams are actually longer than the width of the floor of the building. And if you wish, say instead that formulating it in this way is necessary because there are indentations in the wall into which the crossbeams are inserted. The crossbeams are consequently longer than the space inside the house.

רַבִּי חֲנִינָא נְפַק לְקִרְיָיתָא, רְמוּ לֵיהּ קְרָאֵי אַהֲדָדֵי; כְּתִיב: ״וְהַבַּיִת אֲשֶׁר בָּנָה הַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה לַה׳ שִׁשִּׁים אַמָּה אָרְכּוֹ וְעֶשְׂרִים רָחְבּוֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אַמָּה קוֹמָתוֹ״, וּכְתִיב: ״וְלִפְנֵי הַדְּבִיר עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה אֹרֶךְ וְעֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה רֹחַב וְעֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה קוֹמָתוֹ״! אֲמַר לְהוּ: כִּי קָא חָשֵׁיב – מִשְּׂפַת כְּרוּבִים וּלְמַעְלָה.

§ Apropos the building of the Sanctuary, the Gemara relates the following incident: Rabbi Ḥanina once went out to the villages to teach Torah there, and he raised a contradiction between two verses that detail the dimensions of the Sanctuary: It is written: “And the house that King Solomon built for the Lord, was sixty cubits in length, and twenty cubits in width, and its height was thirty cubits” (I Kings 6:2). But it is also written: “And before the partition was twenty cubits in length, and twenty cubits in width, and its height was twenty cubits” (I Kings 6:20). The first verse states that its height was thirty cubits, whereas the second verse states that its height was only twenty cubits. He said to the villagers that the reason for the difference is that when the latter verse calculated the height, it did so from the upper edge of the cherubs and upward, as the cherubs themselves stood ten cubits high.

מַאי קָא מַשְׁמַע לָן?

The Gemara asks: What is the verse teaching us by considering only the area above the cherubs?